embryonal carcinoma การใช้

• When embryonal carcinoma cells are cultured at high density, they would start differentiation process.
• Cultured embryonal carcinoma were stained with either DiI ( red ) or DiO ( green ).
• CD117 antibodies can also be used in the diagnosis of mast cell tumours and in distinguishing seminomas from embryonal carcinomas.
• It is expressed in embryonal carcinoma but not in seminoma and is thus a useful marker in distinguishing between these germ cell tumors.
• Testicular embryonal carcinoma occurs mostly ( 84 % ) as a component of a mixed germ cell tumor, but 16 % are pure.
• Since embryonal carcinoma can differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, P19 cells can also differentiate into those ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm-like cells.
• Histologically, embryonal carcinoma appears similar to the embryonic disc, made up of epithelial, anaplastic cells in disorganized sheets, with gland-like spaces and papillary structures.
• Occasionally, embryonal carcinoma develops predominantly in the context of polyembryoma-like ( 6 % ) and diffuse embryoma-like ( " necklace " pattern ) ( 3 % ) proliferations.
• Males with embryonal carcinoma tend to have a normal range serum AFP . The finding of elevated AFP is more suggestive of a mixed germ cell tumour, with the AFP being released by a yolk sac tumour component.
• Because undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells have elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase on their cell membrane, therefore alkaline phosphatase staining is used to detect these cells and to test pluripotency ( i . e ., embryonic stem cells or embryonal carcinoma cells ).